
Afghanistan: Transition to What? The German Marshall Fund - Halifax International Security Forum The deteriorating political and security situation in Afghanistan is one of the most urgent challenges facing the international community today. Taliban terrorism is increasingly virulent, and casualties among American forces and NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have risen sharply. International efforts to support good governance and develop the economy have been tarnished by endemic corruption across the country, as well as by reports of widespread fraud during the recent presidential election. The cost of the West's commitment to Afghanistan, and the price of failure, have been debated vigorously on both sides of the Atlantic, featuring prominently in Germany's federal elections in September as well as in American policy discussions in the wake of ISAF Commander General Stanley McChrystal's strategic assessment. Critics of the West's mission in Afghanistan have pointed to the absence of clear goals, the impossibility of achieving ambitious nation-building objectives, and the high costs and risk associated with a large-scale military presence. Some fear that diverging interests and approaches mean that the Afghanistan mission will test the strength of the transatlantic partnership. Coordinating military policies across dozens of NATO and non-NATO militaries with diverse cultures, capacities, and restrictions has hampered the effectiveness of operations, compounded by a continued shortage of manpower and other resources. Consequently, the mood among Western publics is becoming increasingly exasperated. General McChrystal's recommendations, still being debated in Washington at the time of this writing, have called for a more ambitious counterinsurgency strategy and a strong focus on local governance. The White House's strategic overview also placed emphasis on ameliorating security in Pakistan. If these serve as guidelines for U.S. policy, despite domestic and international political resistance, input and support from traditional American allies and partners, as well as other regional actors, will still be necessary to salvage success.
