Rhodesia National Anthem

This article is about the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia, today's Zimbabwe. For other uses, see Rhodesia (disambiguation). Rhodesia Republic of Rhodesia Unrecognized state ← 1965 -- 1979 → Flag Coat of arms Motto Sit Nomine Digna (Latin) "May she be worthy of the name" Anthem "Rise O Voices of Rhodesia" (from 1974) Capital Salisbury Language(s) English Government Republic President¹ - 1970--1975 Clifford Dupont - 1976--1978 John Wrathall Officer Administering the Government¹ - 1965--1970 Clifford Dupont Prime minister - 1965--1979 Ian Smith Historical era Cold War - Independence (UDI) November 11, 1965 - Republic declared March 2, 1970 - Zimbabwe-Rhodesia June 1, 1979 - Zimbabwe April 17, 1980 Area - 1978 390,580 km² (150,804 sq mi) Population - 1978 est. 6,930,000 Density 17.7 /km² (46 /sq mi) Currency Pound (until 1970) Dollar (from 1970) ¹ The government recognised Queen Elizabeth II as the official Head of State from 1965 to 1970. The highest official of Rhodesia held the title "Officer Administering the Government" as he acted in lieu of a Governor-General, a post never appointed by the Queen. After the government declared Rhodesia a republic in March 1970 the president replaced the Governor-General as the highest official. Zimbabwe This article is part of the series: History of Zimbabwe Pre-colonial history Mutapa Empire (c. 1250-1629) Torwa dynasty (c. 1450-1683) Rozwi Empire (1684 - 1834) Colonial history Rhodesia Zimbabwe WP:ZIM This box: view • talk • edit Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent (Unilateral Declaration of Independence) on 11th November 1965. The name was also used with the establishment of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia in 1979. After a brief return to colonial status as Southern Rhodesia from 1979 to 1980, the country became the independent nation of Zimbabwe in April 1980. The country is landlocked and located in southern Africa. Predominantly white Settler Governments governed the country until 1979, initially as a self governing colony then, after the Unilateral Declaration of Independence as a self-proclaimed sovereign Dominion and latterly a Republic. The colony was named after Cecil John Rhodes, whose British South Africa Company acquired the land in the nineteenth century. The colony gained international recognition of its independence in 1980 as the Republic of Zimbabwe. Before 1964 the name "Rhodesia" referred to the territory of modern Zambia and Zimbabwe. The British government adopted a policy of No Independence Before Majority African Rule (NIBMAR), dictating that colonies with a substantial population of white settlers would not receive independence except under conditions of universal suffrage and majority rule. The European minority Rhodesian Front (RF) government, led by Ian Smith, opposed the policy. The British Empire ruled over the self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia until negotiations between Smith's government and the UK government broke down in 1965. Smith's government declared the country independent from British rule on 11 November 1965 in what became known as UDI (Unilateral Declaration of Independence). Smith sent a telegram notifying British Prime Minister Harold Wilson at precisely 1 p.m. local time (11 a.m. in London) on 11 November, at the precise moment that the UK started its traditional two minutes of silence to mark the end of World War I and honour its war dead. The not-so-hidden message to "kith and kin," as Smith put it, recalled Southern Rhodesia's assistance and allegiance to the UK in its time of need in World War I and II. British High Commissioner John Baines Johnston, who disliked Smith, cleaned out the High Commission building of all official documents and left Rhodesia. Smith gave strict instructions to his government not to harm the High Commission building in any way, much to Johnston's surprise. The international community condemned UDI. The United Nations Security Council authorised the first use of sanctions, targeting Rhodesia at the behest of Britain, beginning in 1965 and lasting until the restoration of British rule in December 1979. The terms of these sanctions forbade most forms of trade or financial exchange with Rhodesia. However, not all members of the international community adhered to the sanctions. South Africa, Portugal, Israel, Iran and some Arab nations helped Rhodesia in various ways. In the case of the U.S., the 1971 Byrd Amendment allowed the importation of chrome, ferrochrome and nickel from Rhodesia.[1] Rhodesia evaded sanctions in the short term but few outsiders invested in Rhodesia after the sanctions.

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